• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    As one aspect diver's secondary life support system comprising a semi-closed circuit rebreather set connected via one or more hoses to an isolating valve and a helmet- or mask-interface, the rebreather set in a standby mode during normal diving operations being maintained at a pressure in excess of ambient external pressure. A further aspect of the invention is a semi-closed circuit rebreather set for a diver's secondary life support system, the set being attachable by one or more hoses (2) to an isolating valve (4) and helmet- or mask-interface (17), the set comprising at least one counterlung (1), a moisture absorber (10), a carbon dioxide scrubber (11), and a restrictor (6) which is attachable to a pressurised gas bottle (5) so that when the set is actuated gas can bleed into the set at a substantially constant rate. It is a particularly advantageous feature of such a set that it may be maintained at a pressure in excess of ambient external pressure when in a standby mode. By maintaining an over-pressure in the rebreather set in use, the possibility of sea water leakage into the set is avoided.
    公开号:SU1722222A3
    申请号:SU864027986
    申请日:1986-07-23
    公开日:1992-03-23
    发明作者:Дерек Кларк Виллиям；Муррей Брайан；Дональд Родоккер Линн
    申请人:Гэс Сервисиз Оффшор Лимитед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to a respiratory system intended for divers during deep diving.
    The submersible diving kit contains a cylinder of compressed gas, which is provided with a connecting hose or hoses, and a control valve allowing the diver to inhale the gas from the cylinder. Such equipment is an open-breathing respiratory system, with the inhaled gas exiting the helmet or diver mask.
    In a known breathing system for a diver, there is a semi-closed breathing apparatus comprising at least one breathing bag with a pickling valve, a carbon dioxide absorber and a dehumidifier included in the breathing line of the apparatus, the inhale and expiratory hoses of which are connected to a diving helmet adapter connected with the main source of respiratory gas. In addition, in the known system there is an additional source of respiratory gas under pressure, connected by pipeline through a restrictor to the breathing line, and a switch valve.
    During diving operations at a depth (for example, 450 m at a pressure of 45 bar), the amount of gas required to breathe the diver, which can be taken with him (for example, 4 liters under a pressure of 300 bar), is sufficient only for a short time. time, for example about 20-90 seconds, and it depends on the speed of breathing.
    Known respiratory systems for divers operate on the principle of gas flow, with gas being supplied from a source located at a distance (from the surface or from a bell). A diver needs to float if damage occurs in the primary gas supply system, for example, if the gas supply hose is damaged, disconnected or entangled. Time to ascend should be sufficient to
    the diver could return to a safe place (for example, the diving bell) and escape.
    In breathing apparatus known
    constructions for use in standard diving operations (for example, oxygen apparatuses with a closed breathing cycle) use double hose connections with a helmet or a mask, and separate hoses are used for inhalation and exhalation.
    However, the known systems have a disadvantage in providing the necessary time for the diver and are not reliable enough in this respect.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the autonomous immersion time while increasing operational
    reliability of the respiratory system.
    The goal is achieved by the fact that in the respiratory system for a diver a valve-switch is mounted on the helmet and made two-way with the possibility of connecting to the adapter one, main or additional source of respiratory gas while simultaneously disconnecting the other, while the breathing apparatus is inserted
    connecting the breathing line with the main source of breathing gas, with a pressure regulator and a poison valve installed in the bypass pipeline.
    In the proposed non-working respiratory system for a diver, during normal diving operations, the apparatus is maintained under pressure that exceeds the external pressure of the environment, and in the apparatus at least one breathing bag is designed to balance the pressure, the absorber (moisture separator) to absorb moisture, a scrubber carbon dioxide absorption
    C02 gas and a restrictor for restricting respiratory gas, which can be attached to a compressed gas cylinder in order to
    when the apparatus was turned on, the gas could be supplied to the apparatus at a constant rate.
    The overpressure can reach about 4 bar, however, a pressure of about 0.1-0.2 bar is considered sufficient. The advantages of the diver’s life support system are as follows. The use of a breathing apparatus with a semi-closed cycle of breathing increases the time for autonomous immersion in comparison with the system d with an open cycle. By maintaining overpressure in the apparatus, seawater is prevented from entering it. The operation of the apparatus in the standby mode can be monitored, thus, when the diver changes the depth, there is no change in buoyancy and gas overpressure.
    FIG. Figure 1 shows schematically the respiratory system, a general view; in fig. 2 is a schedule of the respiratory system during immersion at various rates of inhalation at a depth of 450 and 250 msw; in fig. . 3 - constructive scheme of the respiratory system.
    The breathing system for a diver contains a semi-closed breathing apparatus, comprising at least one breathing bag 1 with a pickling valve 2, a carbon dioxide absorber 3, a desiccant 4 included in the breathing line 5 of the apparatus, inhalation hoses 6 and exhalation hoses connected to an adapter 8 diving helmet 9, connected to the main source 10 of the breathing gas, an additional source 11 of breathing gas under pressure, connected by a pipeline through the restrictor 12 with the breathing line, isolating valve, valve switch 13.
    In this case, the valve-switch 13 is mounted on the helmet and made two-station with the possibility of connecting to the adapter 8 of the helmet 9 one, primary or secondary, source of respiratory gas while simultaneously disconnecting the other. The breathing apparatus also has a bypass conduit 14 connecting the breathing line to the main source 10 of the breathing gas, with a pressure regulator 15 and a pickling valve 16 installed in the bypass conduit.
    For storing gas under pressure, for example, 200-300 bar, conventional cylinders with a volume of 4 liters of water are used. The outlet pressure of this gas is regulated to a value that exceeds the external ambient pressure, and when the apparatus is in operation for immersion, the gas can escape through the restrictor 12 into the bag 1 at a certain speed, for example 1-2 l / min. Preferably, the replenished gas has a physiologically high oxygen content at a partial pressure of about 2.5 bar.
    In the off mode, the device can be maintained at a certain pressure relative to the external pressure of the environment; preferably, the overpressure in the off mode of the apparatus reaches about 4 bar, typically 0.1-0.2 bar.
    Inside the back bag 1 hose 5
    5 is divided into separate hoses 6 and 7 for inhalation and exhalation, which pass through a desiccant (desiccant) 4, an absorber 3 of carbon dioxide during the expiration cycle. In this design, the main components of the system, including the absorber 3, are heated during normal operation by means of a drain 18 from a source of hot water. The back bag 1 is preferably insulated from the cold outer
    5 air. Heating of the carbon dioxide absorber 3 in an inoperative mode is maintained by a chemical adsorbent (e.g., soda lime) at a temperature at which it operates efficiently if the apparatus is installed in the operating mode for immersion. To eliminate heat loss through a large bag surface area, a recuperative heat exchanger 19 consisting of layers of thin wire mesh can be placed at the top of the bag. When the machine is turned on, heat is removed from the exhaled gas, and when inhaled, the cold gas is drawn back through the recovery heat exchanger 19, where it captures
    0 accumulated heat before it enters the diver's breathing apparatus. . When an ascent is required, the isolation valve 13 on the helmet opens and the bag immediately releases any excess
    5 pressure in the helmet. Depending on the nature of the emergency, such an immediate gas supply may be important to the helmet blowing, the disk valve installed in the helmet releases any excess amount of gas injected, as a result of which an excessive increase in pressure in the helmet is avoided.
    In the exhaled gas, which mainly contains a diluent, some of the remaining oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through one or more hoses to the chemical sorbent (soda lime) to remove carbon dioxide into the bag, where the gas is mixed with the injected gas containing physiologically high oxygen content. The gas from the bag is re-inhaled by the diver. Thus, the duration of operation of the apparatus depends to a large extent on the rate of release of gas into the bag. A tap at a rate of 1-2 l / min corresponds to inhalation and exhalation speeds up to 75 l / min RMV (gas inhalation and exhalation per minute). Since each breath removes only a fraction of the total oxygen content with a high initial partial pressure of oxygen, the same gas can be re-inhaled many times, provided that the gas is effectively cleaned of CO2.
    To improve the reliability of the apparatus and eliminate problems with its repair in the open sea, electronic devices for regulating the oxygen supply are not used. Due to the relatively wide range of oxygen levels at which it is possible to breathe satisfactorily, the constant release of a mixed gas having a partial pressure of about 2.5 bar can provide acceptable levels of oxygen at any breathing rate.
    Let us consider in detail the design criteria for the details of the apparatus. It is known that the onset of oxygen toxicity depends on many factors, including the duration of its action. A maximum partial pressure of 2.5 bar is acceptable as a design parameter for continuous operation of the submersible. Decompression tables allow the appointment of a therapeutic gas mixture having an oxygen partial pressure for the treatment of decompression,
    The minimum required oxygen level is 0.4 bar, although levels up to 0.2 bar are permissible.
    The design parameter of the diver’s diving breathing apparatus determines the average pressure level of the inhaled COA equal to 20 mbar and 7 mbar for the CO2 level in the amount of gas exchanged per breath at the end of gas cleaning by canister method.
    To evaluate the apparatus, calculations of the oxygen content in the apparatus were carried out under various operating conditions; carbon dioxide levels with repeated inhalation depending on breathing rate; resistance to breathing and work during breathing. . Partial pressure of oxygen
    When calculating the oxygen level in the apparatus under various operating conditions at the beginning of the test, it was assumed that the pressure balance bag was fully loaded with a gas mixture that corresponds to the gas mixture in the cylinder. After a short period of time, oxygen enters the system through the release of gas from a cylinder, taking into account both metabolic consumption and leakage. In this way, it is possible to calculate the change in oxygen level during short periods.
    The table shows the results obtained for four values of the inhalation rate of gas at a depth of 100-450 m. In each case, the oxygen level decreases from the initial value to the maximum depending on the respiration rate. The autonomy of the apparatus is determined mainly by the rate at which the stored gas volume is consumed during the suction of the gas. However, the additional time for gas supply to the bag increases, i.e. device autonomy
    0 decreases with depth because a large amount of gas is consumed at depth
    The shortest calculated service life was 16 minutes at a depth of 450 m
    5 with continuous inhalation of the gas mixture at a rate of 75 l / min RMV. With a lower inhalation rate at the same depth, the autonomy of the device reaches 24 minutes. At a shallow depth, the autonomy of the device usually exceeds 25 minutes.
    Oxygen profiles for the breathing cycle with variable RMV values show that the oxygen level in the apparatus varies with the operating speed,
    5 moreover, the overall autonomy of the device slightly exceeds the value obtained at the maximum RMV (inspiratory and expiratory volumes). On this basis, the device may have a minimum autonomy,
    0 equal to 15 min at 450 nns ", and longer at shallow depth. Moreover, the upper level remains all the time within the permissible limits for at least a short time, which is not necessary for the respiratory apparatus, levels of carbon dioxide. Based on tests carried out using soda lime (grade 727 from MP United Drag KO), it has been established that a carbon dioxide absorber works effectively during the period when it is required to use 1-2 liters of soda lime. However, some carbon dioxide will be re-inhaled.
    5 due to dead volume in the nasopharynx, inhalation / expiration hose and isolation valve device.
    The results of the calculation of the partial pressure of COA, depending on the speed of the breath, indicate that, with the exception of the most
    low respiration rates, the level of repetitive but inhaled C02 is satisfactory. With low volumes of air exchanged per breath, the average level of inhaled C02 rises, although it is still within the specified limits (20 Mbar for the design). Otherwise, this results in less hyperventilation and does not cause any concern for short periods of time. when surfacing. At higher work speeds, due to the increased volume of air exchanged per breath, the average levels of inhaled COA should be low.
    The work of the mechanism of breathing.
    Four sources of resistance to breathing have been identified: losses from friction in the inhalation / exhalation hose; losses from friction in the CO2 absorbent; poppet valves; the inertial effect (in the conditions of completion of the air exchange during breathing) and the effect of inhibition (at maximum speed) in the water surrounding the bag of the breathing apparatus.
    The calculation of the size of the breathing apparatus hose is based on the theory of friction in ordinary pipes. Calculations of the CO 2 absorber are based on tests conducted for a life-scrubber gas scavenger charged with soda lime MRID 797. The results, measured to 450 msw, relate to higher operating speeds associated with existing equipment. The hydrodynamic losses in the breathing bag are based on assumptions relating to its geometry.
    FIG. 2 shows the calculation results for the breathing apparatus at a depth of 450 and 250 msw. Dashed lines indicate the recommended level for operation during breathing, the upper solid line represents the upper limit. Predicted values are moderate at low operating speeds and acceptable at the highest operating speed of 75 l / min.
    In the proposed breathing apparatus, it is easier to obtain satisfactory amounts of work of the breathing apparatus than in a conventional breathing apparatus, due to the smaller amount of CO 2 sorbent used.
    A technical assessment confirmed the flexibility of the breathing apparatus for a smooth immersion. Despite the absence of electronic control systems, the oxygen level is acceptable at all work speeds, at least during short exposures. In the same way, it has been found that the levels of C02 and the work of breathing are not excessive.
    A breathing apparatus (Fig. 3) with a half-closed breathing cycle, when it is in non-operating mode during water-body work, is maintained at a pressure of 0.2 bar, which exceeds the external pressure of the environment. Balancing bags 1, which are physically compressed to prevent them from filling with gas at an overpressure, are placed on the diver’s shoulders in an inoperative mode. This reduces the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the breathing apparatus when the apparatus is in operation. In operation, the bags 1 are released and inflated (or partially inflated) as a result of creating an overpressure inside the apparatus. In an emergency situation, the diver must turn on the breathing apparatus by performing two non-consecutive actions:
    turn the isolating valve 13, while the mouthpiece 20 is simultaneously spaced in front of the diver's mouth;
    release and stretch the cord, which will release the bags 1 and actuate the regulator 15 to change the gas supply source from the hose 10 to the gas cylinders
    0 2.1. When the breathing apparatus is switched on in immersion mode, the gas will flow at a controlled rate on gas cylinders 21 through regulator 15 and limiter
    5 12 in the case of a gas scrubber, a heat regenerator located in the back bag 1 to replenish the gas inside the breathing apparatus.
    When the breathing apparatus is in operation, a water mouth engulfs the mouthpiece and breathes into it. The exhaled gas passes through the mouthpiece 20, the helmet 9 and is directed through the exhaust valve 22 and the exhalation hose 7. Inside the back bag 1 exhale
    .5 the gas passes into the injection chamber 23, located under the absorber balloon 3, where its uniform distribution is achieved. Then the gas passes through the absorber balloon 3, which is loaded with pellets
    0 soda lime to remove C02 from exhaled gas. From here, the gas passes through a heat regenerator 19 consisting of multiple layers of thin wire mesh, which, due to the large area
    5 surface absorbs heat, allowing relatively cold gas to pass through hoses 24 into bags 1 placed on diver's shoulders. When inhaled, gas passes one of bags 1 through hoses 24 to heat absorber 19, which returns heat.
    accumulated during expiration during the respiratory cycle.
    Then the gas is directed from the back bag 1, through the hose 6 passes through the valve 25 into the helmet 9 through the mouthpiece 20 to the diver. If a diver using a breathing apparatus in reserve mode for diving operations changes the depth in an upward direction, a pressure differential is created and the overpressure in the breathing apparatus that results from this will decrease through a safety valve 16. In case the depth changes in the downward direction, additional gas automatically enters the breathing apparatus through the regulator 15.
    In reserve mode for diving operations, hot water is supplied to the breathing apparatus and sent to the jacket 26 around the getter and the heat recuperator to preheat and maintain the temperature inside the scrubber and heat regenerator within acceptable levels. Heat is transferred to respiratory gas from the heat recuperator and CO absorber after selecting the operating mode even in the situation when the supply of hot water is stopped.
    Initially, when the breathing apparatus is turned on to submerge the diver, a slight negative pressure may be created due to the diver inhaling the gas, and this causes the emergency (pickling) valve 2 to work, which supplies gas to the back bag 1 and provides the required positive pressure for optimal operation. breathing apparatus.
    Inside the bag is a moisture absorber 4, which is designed to collect moisture in suspension from the gas exhaled by the diver.
    Additional features of the respiratory system for the diver when using the breathing apparatus shown in FIG. 3, are a manometer 27, a filter 28, a purge plug 29, a dip tube 30, a feed connection 31, an exhaust valve 32 for
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. A breathing system for a diver containing a breathing apparatus with a semi-closed breathing circuit, comprising at least one breathing bag with a pickling valve, a carbon dioxide absorber, a dehumidifier included in the breathing line of the apparatus, the inhalation and exhalation hoses of which are connected to a diving helmet adapter, connected by a pipeline with the main source of respiratory gas, an additional source
    respiratory gas under pressure, connected by pipeline through a restrictor to the respiratory line, a valve switch, characterized in that, in order to increase the autonomous diving time while increasing operational reliability, the valve switch is mounted on the helmet and is two-way with single helmet adapter, primary or
    an additional source of breathing gas while simultaneously disconnecting the other, while a bypass pipe is inserted into the breathing apparatus that connects the breathing line of the device with the main source of breathing gas, with a pressure regulator and a poison valve installed in the bypass pipeline.
    [2]
    2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the breathing bag is made with
    limiter boost,
    [3]
    3. The system according to claim 1, so that it is equipped with a recovery heat exchanger made of layers of wire mesh and installed in the respiratory line in the upper part of the back bag.
    [4]
    4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a water jacket.
    heating absorber carbon dioxide.
    [5]
    5. The system of PP. 1-4, that is, so that the mouthpiece is installed with the possibility of rotation.
     1-0
    figure 1
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NO862931L|1986-09-17|
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    AU5200186A|1986-06-18|
    GB2169209B|1989-02-15|
    BR8507074A|1987-07-14|
    AU580829B2|1989-02-02|
    GB2169209A|1986-07-09|
    JPS62501280A|1987-05-21|
    CN1009816B|1990-10-03|
    NO162063C|1989-11-01|
    GB8429706D0|1985-01-03|
    EP0203133A1|1986-12-03|
    CN85109648A|1986-08-20|
    WO1986003171A1|1986-06-05|
    NO162063B|1989-07-24|
    ZA858960B|1986-07-30|
    NO862931D0|1986-07-21|
    DE3577074D1|1990-05-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    CN102258931B|2011-06-22|2013-03-27|辽宁安泰机电设备有限公司|Device for absorbing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB08429706A|GB2169209B|1984-11-23|1984-11-23|Divers life support system including a bail-out rebreather|
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